{"id":3478,"date":"2020-04-03T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pl-asapbio.local\/state-of-preprinting-2020-04\/"},"modified":"2025-03-28T21:37:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-28T21:37:19","slug":"state-of-preprinting-2020-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/state-of-preprinting-2020-04\/","title":{"rendered":"The state of preprinting in biomedical sciences"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The use of preprints has increased rapidly over the last few years, especially in biomedical and life sciences. We\u2019ve been tracking changes in the preprint landscape over time and maintain a <a href=\"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/biology-preprints-over-time\">page<\/a> dedicated to this topic. Here are some of the most notable trends over the last year.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Adoption and sources<\/h4>\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_vs_PubMed_2020-03-2-2-1024x627.png\" alt=\"Plot of preprints per month relative to PubMed (3% of the volume)\" class=\"wp-image-4292\" width=\"558\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_vs_PubMed_2020-03-2-2-1024x627.png 1024w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_vs_PubMed_2020-03-2-2-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_vs_PubMed_2020-03-2-2-768x470.png 768w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_vs_PubMed_2020-03-2-2-1536x940.png 1536w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_vs_PubMed_2020-03-2-2-2048x1253.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>The rate of life sciences preprints posted per month continues to increase, putting our current estimate of the fraction of the biomedical literature represented as preprints at just over 3% (<a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/3739414#.Xodt0ohKh3g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data<\/a>). In the last year, the source of these preprints has undergone a notable shift driven by the emergence of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/authors\/campaigns\/in-review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In Review<\/a>, Springer Nature\u2019s preprint service on the Research Square platform, as well as continued growth of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bioRxiv<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MedRxiv<\/a> also launched in the last year, and submissions are growing steadily, while <a href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/search\/?type=preprints\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PeerJ Preprints<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/peerj.com\/blog\/post\/115284881747\/peerj-preprints-to-stop-accepting-new-preprints-sep-30-2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closed<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2-1024x689.png\" alt=\"Plot of biomedical preprints by source per month\" class=\"wp-image-4290\" width=\"549\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2-1024x689.png 1024w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2-300x202.png 300w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2-768x517.png 768w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2-1536x1033.png 1536w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2.png 1300w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2.png 650w, https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Preprints_by_source_through_2020-03-2-2.png 1907w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 549px) 100vw, 549px\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Note that this chart does not yet incorporate preprints from OSF.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">COVID-19 response<\/h4>\n<p>In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 100 publishers, funders, and other organizations <a href=\"https:\/\/wellcome.ac.uk\/press-release\/sharing-research-data-and-findings-relevant-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced support for preprints<\/a>, and many servers offer collections that highlight relevant work:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/connect.biorxiv.org\/relate\/content\/181\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bioRxiv &amp; medRxiv<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/search\/advanced?advanced=&amp;terms-0-operator=AND&amp;terms-0-term=COVID-19&amp;terms-0-field=title&amp;terms-1-operator=OR&amp;terms-1-term=SARS-CoV-2&amp;terms-1-field=abstract&amp;terms-3-operator=OR&amp;terms-3-term=COVID-19&amp;terms-3-field=abstract&amp;terms-4-operator=OR&amp;terms-4-term=SARS-CoV-2&amp;terms-4-field=title&amp;terms-5-operator=OR&amp;terms-5-term=coronavirus&amp;terms-5-field=title&amp;terms-6-operator=OR&amp;terms-6-term=coronavirus&amp;terms-6-field=abstract&amp;classification-physics_archives=all&amp;classification-include_cross_list=include&amp;date-filter_by=all_dates&amp;date-year=&amp;date-from_date=&amp;date-to_date=&amp;date-date_type=submitted_date&amp;abstracts=show&amp;size=200&amp;order=-announced_date_first&amp;source=home-covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arXiv<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchsquare.com\/blog\/coronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research Square<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.preprints.org\/search?search1=covid&amp;field1=title_keywords&amp;field2=authors&amp;clause=AND\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Preprints.org<\/a> <\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/preprints\/discover?q=covid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/bulletin\/online_first\/COVID-19\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WHO Bulletin<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other support<\/h4>\n<p>At the same time, technological support for community-driven preprint servers is in flux. COS has implemented a sustainability model for OSF preprints, forcing some of the community servers to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00363-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leave the platform<\/a>. Meanwhile, PKP has released a beta of <a href=\"https:\/\/pkp.sfu.ca\/2020\/02\/24\/the-road-to-preprints-part-1-introducing-open-preprint-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Preprint Systems,<\/a> an open source platform that can be set up to run on any server.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, several new funder policies have further encouraged preprint growth. <a href=\"https:\/\/wellcome.ac.uk\/news\/wellcome-updates-open-access-policy-align-coalition-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wellcome\u2019s new OA<\/a> policy requires preprinting for work of significant benefit to human health, and two Parkinson\u2019s funders, ASAP and MJFF, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/laneur\/article\/PIIS1474-4422(19)30432-6\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">both<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/curated.tncontentexchange.com\/states\/new_york\/the-michael-j-fox-foundation-for-parkinson-s-research-adopts\/article_c9568644-784e-52d2-aa2a-a0f69961a4e1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced<\/a> preprint requirements. <\/p>\n<p>Infrastructure continued to evolve to support preprinting, with enhancements at <a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/blog\/2019\/04\/29\/new-features-alert-improvements-adding-and-grouping-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ORCID<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/blog.europepmc.org\/2020\/03\/making-sense-of-preprint-versions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Europe PMC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Review projects targeting preprints have also expanded. In late 2019, bioRxiv launched <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/transparent-review-in-preprints\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TRiP<\/a>, a collaboration with Hypothesis that will overlay peer review on preprints. An ASAPbio-EMBO collaboration funded by The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, <a href=\"https:\/\/reviewcommons.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Review Commons<\/a>, is one such project. With funding from CZI, we are tracking other projects at <a href=\"http:\/\/reimaginereview.asapbio.org\">ReimagineReview<\/a>. One of these, PREreview, was started by ASAPbio ambassadors and is now building a platform for <a href=\"https:\/\/outbreaksci.prereview.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rapid review of outbreak science<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Data<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3739414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data are archived at Zenodo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Cite as: Polka, Jessica K., &amp; Penfold, Naomi C. (2020). Biomedical preprints per month, by source and as a fraction of total literature (Version 2.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3739414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3739414<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The use of preprints has increased rapidly over the last few years, especially in biomedical and life sciences. We\u2019ve been tracking changes in the preprint landscape over time and maintain [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asapbio-news","category-preprints"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3479,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3478\/revisions\/3479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asapbio.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}